Generator Maintenance Guide / 01

What to check before starting a diesel generator each day

Many shutdowns give early signs: low oil, leaks, loose belts, weak batteries, blocked radiators or controller alarms before start-up.

Applicable scene

Suitable for mines with long-term self-generation, construction temporary power, standby generator sets, or long unattended periods.

The first step in daily generator-set maintenance is not replacing parts, but helping site staff confirm every day whether the generator set can safely carry load. In remote mines, construction sites, and long-running self-generation sites, many faults first appear as low fluid levels, odors, abnormal sounds, oil or water leaks, controller alarms, or weak battery starting.

The pre-startup inspection should be short, fixed, and executable. Don't make it a long form that no one wants to fill out, but form inspection actions that can be completed in every shift around oil, fuel, battery, belts, cooling, controllers and the on-site environment.

Generator set appearance and surrounding environment

  • Check whether there is standing water, mud, debris, obstructions, or temporarily stored materials around the generator set.
  • Check for signs of oil, water, or fluid leaks around the base of the generator set, fuel lines, filters, coolant lines, and radiator or water tank.
  • Confirm that the air inlet, exhaust and smoke exhaust channels are not blocked by canvas, wooden boards, mineral powder or construction materials.

Fluids and fuel

  • Check whether the oil level is within the normal range and whether the oil color and smell are abnormal.
  • Check the coolant level, expansion tank, hoses and clamps to confirm there is no obvious lack of fluid or leakage.
  • Confirm that the fuel in the daily fuel tank is sufficient to cover the operation of this shift, and observe whether there is any risk of water or sedimentation at the bottom of the fuel tank.

Start and control system

  • Check whether the controller has unprocessed alarms, shutdown records or low voltage prompts.
  • Check whether the battery terminals are loose or corroded, and whether the voltage is obviously low before starting.
  • Confirm that emergency stop buttons, circuit breaker positions, ATS status, and manual/automatic modes comply with the day's operating plan.

Execution steps

When site staff follow the same inspection steps, engineers can diagnose from the same facts.

Maintenance actions must be performed repeatedly and evidence must be left. The following steps are suitable as the basic process before team handover and repair report.

01

Inspect first; do not start blindly

First go around the unit and look at the ground, oil pipes, air ducts, smoke exhaust and control cabinets. The more remote the site, the more obvious risks must be eliminated before starting.

02

Observe at no load after start-up

After starting, observe the oil pressure, water temperature, voltage, frequency, speed, sound and smoke exhaust. Do not put the maximum load on immediately after starting.

03

Check key data after loading

Record the load, voltage, frequency, water temperature, oil pressure and alarm status after loading. It is especially important to keep data on new loads, rainy seasons, high dust or high altitude sites.

Exception signal

In these cases, do not simply reset the alarm and keep running

  • The starting speed is obviously slowed down, or the first startup fails and then it is barely started.
  • It is normal without load, but the voltage, frequency, water temperature or oil pressure fluctuate significantly after loading.
  • The color of exhaust smoke changes suddenly, accompanied by peculiar smell, abnormal vibration or metal friction sound.
  • The controller has historical alarms, but they are only reset on site, leaving no reason and handling records.

Record list

Keep these records for every inspection and service request

  • Date, shift, operating hours and inspection personnel.
  • Oil, coolant, fuel and battery status before starting up.
  • Oil pressure, water temperature, voltage, frequency, load rate and alarm information after startup.
  • Leakage, abnormal noise, cleaning, tightening or temporary processing actions found.

How engineers can assist

Complete records speed up remote diagnosis and make any site visit more effective

If alarms, trips, starting difficulties, abnormal voltage, abnormal fuel consumption, or unstable loads have occurred on site, please give priority to retaining controller photos, fault videos, operating hours, recent maintenance records, oil status, load lists, and ATS/power distribution photos.

  • If starting difficulties occur twice in a row, battery voltage, starting video, controller photos and recent maintenance records should be provided.
  • If the water temperature rises rapidly after loading, photos of the radiator, air intake and exhaust environment, load rate and ambient temperature of the day should be provided.
  • If there is an alarm for low oil pressure, overspeed, high temperature or abnormal power generation, it is not recommended to just reset and continue running. The alarm code and on-site video should be retained first.
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